Which of the following is a component of a non-instrumental bedside swallowing evaluation?

• A. Fluoroscopic imaging
• B. Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study
• C. Case history interview
• D. Endoscopic laryngoscopy

Answer: (C)

A non-instrumental bedside swallowing evaluation is built on gathering information and making clinical judgments without using imaging or visualization tools. The case history interview fits this best because it provides essential context—previous strokes or neurologic conditions, current medications, cognitive status, and reported swallowing symptoms—that informs safety, risk, and the need for further testing. The other options involve imaging or visualization: fluoroscopic imaging and videofluoroscopic swallow studies require radiographic equipment, and endoscopic laryngoscopy uses a scope to visualize structures inside the throat. Those are instrumental assessments, not part of a bedside, non-instrumental evaluation. In practice, clinicians also observe oral motor function and saliva management and may try small, supervised swallows, but the interview remains the foundational component for initial assessment and planning.