The ICF framework includes core elements such as functioning, disability, and contextual factors.

• A. Functioning only
• B. Disability only
• C. Functioning and Disability with contextual factors
• D. Personal factors only

Answer: (C)

The ICF is built around how health and disease affect what a person can actually do in daily life. It treats functioning and disability as two sides of the same coin—how well someone functions and what limitations or impairments they have—while recognizing that contextual factors can change or shape that functioning. These contextual factors include both environmental influences (like support, access, and attitudes) and personal factors (like age, coping styles, and education). Because the framework integrates both functioning and disability with these contextual influences, the option that pairs functioning and disability together with contextual factors best captures how the ICF views health and capability. The other choices miss either part of the functioning/disability spectrum or omit the contextual influences that modify them.