Kos (1991) sought to explore affective, social, and educational factors that may have contributed to the development of reading disabilities in four adolescents.

• A. Quantitative
• B. Qualitative
• C. Mixed methods
• D. Case study

Answer: (B)

Understanding experiences and meanings through in-depth, descriptive inquiry is what qualitative research aims for. This question focuses on affective, social, and educational factors from the adolescents’ own perspectives, rather than measuring variables with numbers. Studying four adolescents allows for rich, nuanced data—personal stories, feelings, social interactions, and school experiences—that can reveal how these factors may contribute to reading disabilities. Data would likely come from interviews, observations, or diaries, and analysis would seek patterns and themes rather than statistical relationships. This emphasis on context, interpretation, and the lived experiences of individuals is what makes qualitative the best fit here.