Indicate the type of research associated with the purpose statement. The relative efficacy of Milieu Language Teaching and the Communication Training Program was related to pretreatment differences in preschool children.

• A. Quantitative
• B. Qualitative
• C. Mixed methods
• D. None of the above

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is that the purpose statement focuses on a relationship between numeric pretreatment differences and the efficacy of two interventions. That signals a quantitative approach, because it involves measuring variables numerically and examining statistical relationships or group differences to determine whether baseline differences relate to treatment outcomes.

Qualitative designs would emphasize descriptions, meanings, or themes from non-numeric data like interviews or observations, not numerical relationships. Mixed methods would explicitly combine qualitative and quantitative data, which isn’t indicated here. “None of the above” isn’t appropriate since the statement clearly points to a numeric, statistical analysis of relationships.