Articulation-based and phonology-based speech sound disorders can co-occur.

• A. False
• B. Sometimes
• C. Only in children under 3
• D. True

Answer: (D)

These two areas can overlap in the same person. Articulation issues concern the motor execution of sounds—how accurately a sound is formed in the mouth. Phonology concerns the system of sound contrasts and the patterns used to organize sounds in a language. Because producing sounds and using them within phonological patterns interact, it’s possible to have both: motor-level difficulty with certain sounds plus a pattern-based simplification across sounds or contexts. For example, a child might have trouble precisely shaping a sound due to motor constraints while also showing a phonological pattern like final-consonant deletion. Clinically, you often see both present, and therapy may address both the motor and the pattern-based aspects. So the statement is true.